Abbasi, P., Tanhaie, S., & Kazeminia, M. (2023). Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with Tourette syndrome; 1997 to 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Italian Journal Of Pediatrics/Italian Journal Of Pediatrics, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-023-01562-0 

Abdulkadir, M., Mathews, C. A., Scharf, J. M., Yu, D., Tischfield, J. A., Heiman, G. A., Hoekstra, P. J., & Dietrich, A. (2019). Polygenic Risk Scores Derived From a Tourette Syndrome Genome-wide Association Study Predict Presence of Tics in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Cohort. Biological Psychiatry, 85(4), 298–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.011

American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5-TR (2022; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: 5th edition, Text Revision). American Psychiatric Association. 

Baron-Cohen, S., Scahill, V., Izaguirre, J., Hornsey, H., & Robertson, M. (1999). The prevalence of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in children and adolescents with autism: A large scale study. Psychological Medicine, 29(5), 1151-1159. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329179900896x  

Cavanna, A. E., Spini, L., Ferrari, S., Purpura, G., Riva, A., Nacinovich, R., & Seri, S. (2024). Functional Tic-like Behaviors: From the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Post-Pandemic Era. Healthcare, 12(11), 1106. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111106  

Chao, T.-K., Hu, J., & Pringsheim, T. (2014). Prenatal risk factors for Tourette Syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-53  

Chowdhury, U. (2004). Tics and Tourette Syndrome – A Handbook for Parents and Professionals. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 

Darrow, S. M., Grados, M., Sandor, P., Hirschtritt, M. E., Illmann, C., Osiecki, L., Dion, Y., King, R., Pauls, D., Budman, C. L., Cath, D. C., Greenberg, E., Lyon, G. J., McMahon, W. M., Lee, P. C., Delucchi, K. L., Scharf, J. M., & Mathews, C. A. (2017). Autism Spectrum Symptoms in a Tourette’s Disorder Sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(7), 610-617.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.002 

Eddy, C. M., Cavanna, A. E., Gulisano, M., Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., Calì, P., Robertson, M. M., & Rizzo, R. (2011). Clinical correlates of quality of life in Tourette syndrome. Movement Disorders, 26(4), 735–738. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23434 

Garcia-Delgar, B., Servera, M., Coffey, B. J., Lázaro, L., Openneer, T., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Steinberg, T., Hoekstra, P. J., Dietrich, A., Morer, A., Apter, A., Baglioni, V., Ball, J., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Bognar, E., Burger, B., Buse, J., Cardona, F., Vela, M. C., . . . Weidinger, E. (2021). Tic disorders in children and adolescents: does the clinical presentation differ in males and females? A report by the EMTICS group. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(10), 1539–1548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01751-4 

Garris, J., & Quigg, M. (2021). The female Tourette patient: Sex differences in Tourette Disorder. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 129, 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.001  

Grossen, S. C., Arbuckle, A. L., Bihun, E. C., Koller, J. M., Song, D. Y., Reiersen, A. M., Schlaggar, B. L., Greene, D. J., & Black, K. J. (2024). We’ve all been wrong about provisional tic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 134, 152510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152510  

Hakimi, M., Skinner, S., & Maurer, C. W. (2022). Tic Disorders, Anti‐Tic Medications, and Risk of Atopy. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 9(7), 879–885. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.13506  

Heiman, G. A., Rispoli, J., Seymour, C., Leckman, J. F., King, R. A., & Fernandez, T. V. (2020). Empiric Recurrence Risk Estimates for Chronic Tic Disorders: Implications for Genetic Counseling. Frontiers in Neurology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00770  

Hirschtritt, M. E., Lee, P. C., Pauls, D. L., Dion, Y., Grados, M. A., Illmann, C., King, R. A., Sandor, P., McMahon, W. M., Lyon, G. J., Cath, D. C., Kurlan, R., Robertson, M. M., Osiecki, L., Scharf, J. M., & Mathews, C. A. (2015). Lifetime Prevalence, Age of Risk, and Genetic Relationships of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Tourette Syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(4), 325. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2650  

Hoekstra, P. J., Dietrich, A., Edwards, M. J., Elamin, I., & Martino, D. (2013). Environmental factors in Tourette syndrome. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(6), 1040–1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.10.010  

Malli, M. A., Forrester-Jones, R., & Murphy, G. (2016). Stigma in youth with Tourette’s syndrome: a systematic review and synthesis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 25(2), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0761-x  

Mataix-Cols, D., Isomura, K., Pérez-Vigil, A., Chang, Z., Rück, C., Larsson, K. J., Leckman, J. F., Serlachius, E., Larsson, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2015). Familial Risks of Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(8), 787. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0627  

Müller-Vahl, K. R., Sambrani, T., & Jakubovski, E. (2019). Tic disorders revisited: introduction of the term “tic spectrum disorders.” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(8), 1129–1135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-01272-7 

Robertson, M. M., Eapen, V., Singer, H. S., Martino, D., Scharf, J. M., Paschou, P., Roessner, V., Woods, D. W., Hariz, M., Mathews, C. A., Črnčec, R., & Leckman, J. F. (2017). Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.97

Robertson, M. M. (2008). The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 65(5), 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.03.006 

Stewart, S. B., Greene, D. J., Lessov-Schlaggar, C. N., Church, J. A., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2015). Clinical Correlates of Parenting Stress in Children with Tourette Syndrome and in Typically Developing Children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 166(5), 1297-1302.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.01.041  

Storch, E. A., Lack, C. W., Simons, L. E., Goodman, W. K., Murphy, T. K., & Geffken, G. R. (2007). A Measure of Functional Impairment in Youth with Tourette’s Syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(8), 950–959. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm034 

Swedo S.E., Leckman J.F., Rose, N. (2012) From Research Subgroup to Clinical Syndrome: Modifying the PANDAS Criteria to Describe PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome). Pediatrics & Therapeutics, 02(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0665.1000113 

Szejko, N., Robinson, S., Hartmann, A., Ganos, C., Debes, N. M., Skov, L., Haas, M., Rizzo, R., Stern, J., Münchau, A., Czernecki, V., Dietrich, A., Murphy, T. L., Martino, D.,  

Tarnok, Z., Hedderly, T., Müller-Vahl, K. R., & Cath, D. C. (2021). European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders—version 2.0. Part I: assessment. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(3), 383–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01842-2  

Willsey, A. J., Fernandez, T. V., Yu, D., King, R. A., Dietrich, A., Xing, J., Sanders, S. J., Mandell, J. D., Huang, A. Y., Richer, P., Smith, L., Dong, S., Samocha, K. E., Neale, B. M., Coppola, G., Mathews, C. A., Tischfield, J. A., Scharf, J. M., State, M. W., … Yu, D. (2017). De Novo Coding Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder. Neuron, 94(3), 486-499.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.024